Changes in ultrastructure, photosynthetic abilities, and secondary metabolite due to individual and interactive effects of chromium and ultraviolet-B radiation in Adhatoda vasica

The study was executed to assess individual and interactive effects of elevated ultraviolet-B (eUV-B) radiation chromium (Cr) on a medicinal plant Adhatoda vasica Nees. experiment conducted under field conditions involving control, Cr, eUV-B, Cr+eUV-B treatments. results showed that Cr content the highest in roots as compared other parts Cr+eUV-B. Significant reductions photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance were observed all treatments with maximum Chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence parameters variable responses Chl whereas a/b ratio carotenoids increment eUV-B ultrastructure leaves changes chloroplasts Vasicine (medicinally important secondary metabolite) increased Our revealed A. towards stress eUV-B.